CONTENTS PART ONE — EARLY CHRISTIAN ICONOGRAPHY Preface. I — Introduction i II — The Virgin in the Temple 7 III — The Annunciation at the Spring 11 IV — The Nativity 13 V — The Appearance of the Star to the Magi 33 VI — The Adoration of the Magi 36 VII — The Massacre of the Innocents 59 VIII — Christ Among the Doctors 68 IX — The Baptism 71 X — The Miracle of Cana 85 XI — The Healing of the Blind 94 XII — The Healing of the Paralytic 102 XIII — The Raising of Lazarus 108 XIV — The Entry into Jerusalem 121 XV — The Last Supper 129 XVI — The Presentation of he Crowns 141 XVII — The Widow's Mite 144 XVIII — Christ Triumphant 146 XIX — Summary of the Schools of Early Christian Art 159 PART TWO — A SCHOOL OF IVORY CARVERS IN PROVENCE I — Introduction 187 II — The Orientalizing of Gaul 192 III — Ivory Book Covers in Milan Cathedral 206 IV — Werden Casket in the Victoria and Albert Museum 221 V — Diptych in the Library of Rouen 231 VI — Two Ivory Fragments in the Berlin and Nevers Museums. 237 VII — Ivory Book Cover in the Bodleian Library, Oxford 248 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1 — Virgin in the Temple. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 8 2 — Virgin in the Temple. Werden Casket; Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington 9 3 — Annunciation at the Spring. Greek Gospels; Bibl. nat., gr. 74, Paris 11 4 — Annunciation at the Spring. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral. 12 5 — Annunciation at the Spring. Werden Casket; Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington 12 6 — Adoration of the Ox and the Ass. Fresco; San Sebastiano, Rome 14 7 — Adoration of the Ox and the Ass. Sarcophagus, Milan 14 8 — Adoration of Animals and the Shepherds. Sarcophagus, Rome 15 9 — Adoration in a Manger Shed. Sarcophagus, Rome 15 10 — Virgin Introduced into the Adoration. Sarcophagus, Mantua. 15 11 — Adoration Including the Magi. Sarcophagus, Rome 16 12 — Adoration Type of Nativity. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral. 16 13 — Adoration Type of the Nativity. Werden Casket; Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington 17 14 — Combination Scene of Adoration. Sarcophagus, Arles 21 15 — Adoration Type of Nativity, and Flight into Egypt. Encolpium, Constantinople (from Strzygowski : Bysatitinische Denkmtiler, I) 23 16 — Nativity. Rabula Gospels; Laurentian Library, Florence 24 17 — Nativity. Panel from Chair of Maximianus, Rome 25 18 — Nativity. Book Cover, British Museum 26 19 — Nativity. Pyxis, Vienna 26 20 — Nativity. Pyxis from Minden, Berlin Museum 26 21 — Nativity. Fresco; Bawit, Egypt 27 22 — Nativity. Ampulla, Monza 29 23 — Nativity. Coptic Panel ; Golenisheff Collection, Petrograd 30 24 — Nativity. Greek Lectionary, Berlin 31 25 — Nativity. Greek Gospels; Bibl. nat., gr. 74, Paris 32 26 — Appearance of the Star to the Magi. Sarcophagus, Arles 34 27 — Appearance of the Star to the Magi. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 35 28 — Appearance of the Star to the Magi. Werden Casket ; Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington 36 29 — "The Coming of the Orient to Christ." Mosaic; S. Maria Maggire, Rome 37 30 — Adoration of the Magi. Fresco; Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome 41 31 — Adoration of the Magi. Fresco; Catacomb of SS. Pietro e Marcellino, Rome 41 32 — Adoration of the Magi. Sarcophagus, Ancona 42 33 — Adoration of the Magi. Sarcophagus, Rome 42 34 — Adoration of the Magi. Wooden Doors; S. Sabina, Rome. 43 35 — Adoration of the Magi. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 44 36 — Adoration of the Magi. Werden Casket; Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington 44 37 — Adoration of the Magi. Sacramentary of Drogo; Bibl. nat., 38 — "Epiphany Type" of Adoration. Lombard Relief, Berlin (from Kehrer : Die Heil. drei Konige) 45 39 — Adoration of the Magi. Encolpium, Constantinople (from Strzygowski: Byzantinische Denkmdler, I) 48 40 — Adoration of the Magi (part). Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 50 41 — Adoration of the Magi. Coptic Textile from Akmim 51 42 — Adoration of the Magi. Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus; Bibl. nat., gr. 510, Paris 52 43 — Adoration of the Magi. Ampulla, Monza 53 44 — Adoration. Etschmiadzin Gospels ; Monastery of Etschmiadzin, Armenia 54 45 — Adoration and Nativity. Fragment of Murano Book Covers; John Rylands Library, Manchester 55 46 — Adoration of the Magi. Fragment of Five Part Coptic Diptych, British Museum 56 47 — Adoration and Appearance of the Star to the Magi. Codex Egberti, Trier 58 48 — Adoration of the Magi. Menologium of Basil II; Vatican Library gr. 1613 (from Kehrer: Die Heil. drei Konige) 59 49 — Massacre of the Innocents. Mosaic ; S. Maria Maggiore, Rome 60 50 — Massacre of the Innocents. Rabula Gospels; Laurentian Library, Florence 61 51 — Massacre of the Innocents. Fresco, Antinoe 62 52 — Massacre of the Innocents. Fragment of Five Part Diptych, Berlin Museum 63 53 — Massacre of the Innocents. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral. 63 54 — Massacre of the Innocents. Ms. Cim. 2, Munich 64 55 — Massacre of the Innocents. Carolingian Book Cover ; Bibl. Nat., 65 56 — Massacre of the Innocents. Sarcophagus ; S. Maximin, Provence 66 57 — Christ Among the Doctors. Greek Gospels; Bibl. nat., gr. 74, Paris 70 58 — Christ Among the Doctors. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 71 59 — Baptism. Fresco; Cemetery of Lucina, Rome 73 60 — Baptism. Sarcophagus, Rome 74 61 — Baptism. Sarcophagus, Soissons 75 62 — Baptism. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 76 63 — Baptism. Werden Casket; Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington 77 64 — Baptism. Rabula Gospels; Laurentian Library, Florence 78 65 — Baptism. Etschmiadzin Gospels; Monastery of Etschmiadzin, Armenia 79 66 — Baptism. Panel from Chair of Maximianus, Milan 80 67 — Baptism. Ivory; British Museum (from Dalton: Cat. Early Christ. Ant Brit. Mus.) 80 68 — Baptism. Fresco; Bawit, Egypt 81 69 — Baptism. Mosaic; Arian Baptistery, Ravenna 82 70 — Baptism. Ampulla, Monza 83 71 — Baptism. Coptic Panel; Golenisheff Collection, Petrograd 84 72 — Miracle of Cana. Sarcophagus, Algiers 86 73 — Miracle of Cana. Sarcophagus, Rome 87 74 — Raising of Lazarus and Miracle of Cana. "Roman Glass," Rome 88 75 — Miracle of Cana. Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 89 76 — Miracle of Cana. Medallion from Egypt ; Gans Collection, Berlin 90 77 — Miracle of Cana and the Samaritan Woman at the Well. Mosaic, Baptistery of Naples 91 78 — Miracle of Cana. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 91 79 — Miracle of Cana. Rabula Gospels ; Laurentian Library, Florence 92 80 — Miracle of Cana. Fresco, Antinoe 93 81 — Miracle of Cana. Soissons Gospels; Bibl. Nat., Paris 94 82 — Miracle of Cana. Greek Gospels; Bibl. nat., gr. 74, Paris 95 83 — Healing of the Blind. Sarcophagus, Rome 96 84 — Healing of the Blind and the Halt. Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 97 85 — Healing of the Blind. Murano Book Cover, Ravenna 98 86 — Healing of the Blind and the Halt. Rabula Gospels ; Laurentian Library, Florence 99 87 — Healing of the Blind. Sinope Fragment; Bibl. nat., Paris. 99 88 — Healing of the Blind. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 100 89 — Healing of the Blind. Codex Rossanensis, Rossano 101 90 — Healing of the Blind. Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus; Bibl. nat., gr. 510, Paris 102 91 — Healing of the Paralytic. Fresco; Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome 103 92 — Healing of the Paralytic. Sarcophagus, Rome 104 93 — Healing of the Paralytic. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 105 94 — Healing of the Paralytic. Book Covers; Bibl. nat., Paris 106 95 — Healing of the Paralytic. Murano Book Cover, Ravenna 107 96 — Healing of the Paralytic. Fresco; S. Saba, Rome 107 97 — Healing of the Paralytic. Greek Gospels; Bibl. nat., gr. 74, Paris 108 98 — Raising of Lazarus. Fresco; Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome. 111 99 — Raising of Lazarus. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 112 100 — Raising of Lazarus. Sarcophagus, Aix 113 101 — Raising of Lazarus. Sarcophagus, Rome 114 102 — Raising of Lazarus. Relief from Phrygia, Constantinople 115 103 — Raising of Lazarus. Sarcophagus, Ravenna 116 104 — Raising of Lazarus. Book Covers; Bibl. nat., Paris 117 105 — Raising of Lazarus. Ivory Comb from Antinoe, Cairo 118 106 — Raising of Lazarus. Pyxis; Cluny Museum, Paris 118 107 — Raising of Lazarus. Pyxis; Basilewsky Collection, Petrograd 119 108 — Raising of Lazarus. Pyxis, Vatican 120 109 — Raising of Lazarus. Murano Book Cover, Ravenna 120 110 — Raising of Lazarus. Codex Rossanensis, Rossano 121 111 — Raising of Lazarus. Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus; Bibl. nat., gr. 510, Paris 122 112 — Entry into Jerusalem. Sarcophagus, Rome 123 113 — Entry into Jerusalem. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 124 114 — Entry into Jerusalem. Panel from Chair of Maximianus, Rome 125 115 — Entry into Jerusalem. Book Covers; Bibl. nat., Paris 126 116 — Entry into Jerusalem. Wooden Lintel, Church of el Mu'allaka near Cairo 126 117 — Entry into Jerusalem. Rabula Gospels; Laurentian Library, Florence 127 118 — Entry into Jerusalem. Codex Rossanensis, Rossano 128 119 — Entry into Jerusalem. Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus; Bibl. nat., gr. 510, Paris 129 120 — Eucharistic Symbols. Fresco; Cefhetery of Lucina, Rome. 130 121 — Eucharistic Symbols. Fresco; Catacomb of Callixtus, Rome. 131 122 — Miracle of Loaves and Fishes. Sarcophagus, Algiers 132 123 — Miracle of Loaves and Fishes. Sarcophagus, Rome 132 124 — Miracle of Loaves and Fishes and Feeding of the Multitude. Fresco, Catacombs of Alexandria (from Cabrol: Diet, d'archcologie chret .) 133 125 — Miracle of Loaves and Fishes and Feeding of the Multitude. Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 134 126 — Eucharistic Feast. Fresco; Catacomb of SS. Pietro e Marcellino, Rome 135 127 — Transitional Type of Last Supper. Mosaic; S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna 136 128 — Transitional Type of the Last Supper. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 137 129 — Communion of the Apostles. Rabula Gospels; Laurentian Library, Florence 138 130 — Communion of the Apostles. Codex Rossanensis, Rossano. 139 131 — Last Supper. Codex Rossanensis, Rossano 141 132 — Presentation of the Crowns. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral. 142 133 — Traditio Legis. Mosaic; S. Costanza, Rome 143 134 — Widow's Mite. Book Covers, Milan Cathedral 145 135 — Widow's Mite. Mosaic; S. Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna 146 136 — Christ Triumphant. Fresco; Catacombs of Alexandria 147 137 — Horus Relief, Cairo 149 138 — Christ Triumphant. Lamp from Akmim 150 139 — Christ Triumphant. Lamp from Akmim 151 140 — Christ Triumphant. Vase from Orleans 152 141 — Christ Triumphant. Pignatta Sarcophagus, Ravenna 153 142 — Christ Triumphant. Ivory Book Cover of the Lorsch Gospels, Vatican 155 143 — Christ Triumphant. Genoels-Elderen Diptych, Brussels (from Laurent: Les Ivoires pre-gothiques) 156 144 — Annunciation. Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 171 145 — Annunciation. Fragment of the Murano Book Covers; Stroganoff Collection, Rome 172 146 — Annunciation. Medallion from Egypt; Gans Collection, Berlin 172 147 — Annunciation. Ampulla, Monza 172 148 — Testing of the Virgin. Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 173 149 — Testing of the Virgin. Fragment of the Murano Book Covers; Stroganoff Collection, Rome 174 150 — Joseph Assured by an Angel and the Journey to Bethlehem. Chair of Maximianus, Ravenna 175 151 — Joseph Assured by an Angel and the Journey to Bethlehem. Fresco, Antinoe (from Cabrol: Diet, d'archeologie chret.) 176 152 — Journey to Bethlehem. Pyxis from Minden, Berlin Museum. 177 153 — Virgin in the Temple. Inscribed Slab, St. Maximin 202 154 — Joseph Assured by an Angel and Reconciliation of Joseph and Mary. Sarcophagus, Le Puy 203 155 — Ivory Book Cover. Milan Cathedral (from Labarte: Hist, des arts indust riels) 207 156 — Ivory Book Cover. Milan Cathedral (from Garrucci: Storia dell' arte crist.) 209 157 — Werden Casket (Front). Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington (from Garrucci: Storia dell' arte crist.) 222 158 — Werden Casket (Back). Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington (from Jahrb. Preuss. Kunsts., XXIV) 226 159 — Werden Casket (Side). Victoria and Albert Museum, S. Kensington (from Garrucci : Storia dell' arte crist.) 228 160 — Sts. Gervasius and Protasius before the City of Le Mans. Engraved Gem 230 161 — Ivory Diptych. Public Library, Rouen (from Gazette Archeologique 1886) 233 162 — Christ and Apostles. Sarcophagus, Marseilles (from Le Blant: Les Sarcophages chret. de la Gaule) 234 163 — Fragment of Ivory Diptych. Berlin Museum (from Jahrb. Preuss. Kunsts. XXIV) 239 164 — Nativity and Adoration of the Magi. Ivory, Nevers Museum. 243 165 — Diptych of Probianus. Berlin Museum (from Jahrb. Preuss. Kunsts. XXIV) 245 166 — Sarcophagus in Marseilles Museum (from Le Blant: Les Sarcophages chret. de la Gaule) 246 167 — Sarcophagus at St. Maximin (from Le Blant: Les Sarcophages chret. de la Gaule) 247 168 — Sarcophagus of Arles (from Le Blant: Les Sarcophages chret. de la Gaule) 248 169 — Ivory Book Cover. Bodleian Library, Oxford (from Westwood : Fictile Ivories) 250 Digitized by Google.