Table of contents : Preface ......Page 6Contents ......Page 8Sec.l. Methods of Investigating Many-particle Systems ......Page 16Sec. 2. Mathematical Concepts ......Page 25Sec. 3. Macroscopic and Microscopic States of a System ......Page 41Sec. 4. The Equal Probability Postulate and the Ergodic Hypothesis ......Page 44Sec. 5. The Probability of a Macroscopic State ......Page 52Sec. 6. Fluctuations ......Page 67Sec. 7. The Canonical Ensemble. Gibbs Distribution ......Page 73Sec. 8. Maxwell Distribution ......Page 78Sec. 9. Boltzmann Distribution ......Page 92Sec. 10. Pressure ......Page 102Sec. 11. Temperature ......Page 111Sec. 12. Distribution of Energy among the Degrees of Freedom ......Page 120Sec. 13. Brownian Movement ......Page 129Problems ......Page 135Sec. 14. The First Law of Thermodynamic ......Page 138Sec. 15. Differential Forms and Total Differentials ......Page 144Sec. 16. Reversible and Irreversible Processes ......Page 149Sec. 17. Heat Capacity ......Page 151Sec. 18. Processes in Ideal Gases ......Page 161Sec. 19. Entropy of Ideal Gas ......Page 169Sec. 20. Cyclic Processes ......Page 174Sec. 21. Absolute Thermodynamic Temperature Scale ......Page 186Sec. 22. The Second Law of Thermodynamics ......Page 194Sec. 23. Thermodynamic Functions and the Conditions of Thermodynamic Stability ......Page 211Problems ......Page 223Sec. 24. Various Models of the Behaviour of Particles ......Page 226Sec. 25. The Fermi-Dirac Distribution ......Page 228Sec. 26. Bose-Einstein Distribution ......Page 231Sec. 27. The Electron Gas ......Page 233Sec. 28. The Photon Gas ......Page 241Problems ......Page 245Sec. 29. Forces of Interaction ......Page 248Sec. 30. Liquefaction of Gases ......Page 257Sec. 31. Clausius-Clapeyron Equation ......Page 263Sec. 32. Van der Waals Equation ......Page 266Sec. 33. Joule-Thomson Effect ......Page 285Sec. 34. Surface Tension ......Page 295Sec. 35. Evaporation and Boiling of Liquids ......Page 303Sec. 36. Structure of Liquids. Liquid Crystals ......Page 312Sec. 37. Liquid Solutions ......Page 318Sec. 38. Boiling of Liquid Solutions ......Page 322Sec. 39. Osmotic Pressure ......Page 325Sec. 40. Chemical Potential and Phase Equilibrium ......Page 327Sec. 41. Phase Rule ......Page 330Problems ......Page 332Sec. 42. Symmetry of Solids ......Page 336Sec. 43. Crystal Lattice ......Page 339Sec. 44. Defects of Crystal Lattices ......Page 347Sec. 45. Mechanical Properties of Solids ......Page 348Sec. 46. Heat Capacity of Solids ......Page 357Sec. 47. Crystallization and Melting ......Page 373Sec. 48. Alloys and Solid Solutions ......Page 382Sec. 49. Polymers ......Page 384Problems ......Page 391Sec. 50. The Types of Transport Processes ......Page 394Sec. 51. Kinematic Characteristics of Molecular Motion ......Page 395Sec. 52. Transport Processes in Gases ......Page 403Sec. 53. Relaxation Time ......Page 416Sec. 54. Physical Phenomena in Rarefied Gases ......Page 421Sec. 55. Transport Phenomena in Solids ......Page 426Sec. 56. Transport Phenomena in Liquids ......Page 430Sec. 57. Basic Concepts of Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes ......Page 432Problems ......Page 441Appendix 1. SI Units Used in Molecular Physics ......Page 443Appendix 2. Physical Constants ......Page 445Subject Index ......Page 446