London: Duckworth in association with Amnesty International Publications, 1973. — ISBN 0 7156 0711 1 (cloth); ISBN 0 7156 0712 X (paper).On Human Rights Day in 1972 Amnesty International launched a world-wide campaign against the systematic use of torture by governments, an integral part of which was the preparation of a Report on Torture, Drawing on the full extent of Amnesty International research material, this Report examines all the existing evidence on torture as an instrument of government, the circumstances in which torture flourishes, and the reasons for, and the results of, its use. A major section deals with international and domestic legal safeguards and remedies against torture and their relative importance for its prevention and abolition. The Report, which was designed to provide basic source material for Amnesty’s Conference for the Abolition of Torture in Paris in December 1973 - for representatives of world governments, the United Nations, inter-governmental bodies and non - governmental organisations, and medical, legal and other professional experts - is an important work of reference for all concerned with international affairs and human rights. Its overall conclusion is that torture, now used not only for extracting information but as a method of political control, is a world-wide phenomenon which is on the increase.ContentsPrefaceIntroductionHistorical aspects of torture The problem of legal definitionMedical and Psychological Aspects of TortureTorture as a stress Manipulation and resistance Pharmacological torture Injury and long-term effects Torturers: psychological aspectsThe difficulty of investigation Legal RemediesInternational governmental organisations Regional organisations Non-governmental organisations Case Study A: The UN and occupied territories of the Middle EastCase Study B: Regional and international response to the use of torture in Greece, 1967-1973Case Study C: The UK government and Northern IrelandWorld Survey of TortureThe nature of the evidenceAfricaAsiaWestern EuropeEastern Europe and the Soviet UnionThe AmericasThe Middle EastConclusionsSelect BibliographyIndex