In this post, we will see Elementary Textbook on Physics - Volume 2 - Electricity And Magnetism edited by G. S. Landsberg.About the book:Volume 2 covers aspects of basic aspects of electricity and magnetism. These topics include:Electric Charges. Electric Field. Direct Current. Thermal Effect of Current. Electric Current in Electrolytes. Chemical and Thermal Generators. Electric Current in Metals. Electric Current in Gases. Electric Current in Semiconductors. Basic Magnetic Phenomena. Magnetic Field. Magnetic Field of Current. Magnetic Field of the Earth. Forces Acting on Current- Carrying Conductors in Magnetic Field. Electromagnetic Induction. Magnetic Properties of Bodies. Alternating Current. Electric Machines: Generators, Motors and Electromagnets. About the series (from Front Jacket and Preface):Elementary Textbook on Physics first appeared in 1948-52 under the editorship of Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957) and immediately became popular with students preparing for entrance examinations in physics. The success of the book was due very much to the fact that each section was written by a specialist. Contributors to the book included the scientists S.E. Khaikin, M.A. Isakovich, M.A. Leontovich, D.I. Sakharov (Vol. 1), S.G. Kalashnikov (Vol. 2), S.M. Rytov, M.M. Sushchinskii (with the participation of I.A. Yakovlev), F.S. Landsberg-Baryshanskaya, and F.L. Shapiro (Vol. 3).These three volumes form a course on elementary physics that has become very popular in the Soviet Union. Each sectioh was written by an authority in the appropriate field, while the overall unity and editing was supervised by Academician G.S. Landsberg (1890-1957). This textbook has gone through ten Russian editions and a great deal of effort went into the last edition to introduce SI units and change the terminology and notation for the physical units.A feature of this course is the relatively small number of formulas and mathematical manipulations. Instead, attention was focussed on explaining physical phenomena in such a way as to combine scientific rigour and a form understandable to school children. Another aspect of the text is the technological application of the physical laws.These features make the text a world-class textbook.For students preparing to enter universities and colleges to study physics, and for those it high schools specialising in physics.The book was translated from the Russian by Natalia Wadhwa and was first published by Mir in 1988.Contents Vol 2Front Cover 1Front Jacket 2Title Page 8Contents 10From the Preface to the First Russian Edition 15Chapter 1 Electric Charges 161.1. Electric Interaction 161.2. Conductors and Insulators 181.3. Division of Bodies into Conductors and Insulators 201.4. Positive and Negative Charges 221.5. What Happens During Electrostatic Charging? 241.6. Electron Theory 261.7. Electrostatic Charging by Friction 271.8. Charging by Induction 301.10. Coulomb’s Law 341.11. Unit of Charge 36Chapter 2 Electric Field 392.1. Effect of Electric Charge on Surrounding Bodies 392.2. The Idea of Electric Field 402.3. Electric Field Strength 422.4. Composition of Fields 442.5. Electric Field in Insulators and Conductors 452.6. Graphic Representation of Fields 462.7. Main Features of Electric Field-Strength Patterns 502.8. Application of the Method of Field Lines to Problems in Electrostatics 502.9. Work Done in Displacing an Electric Charge in an Electric Field 532.10. Potential Difference (Electric Voltage) 562.11. Equipotential Surfaces 582.12. Why Was the Potential Difference Introduced? 602.13. Conditions for Charge Equilibrium in Conductors 622.14. Electrometer 632.15. What Is the Difference Between an Electrometer and an Electroscope? 662.16. Earthing 672.17. Measurement of the Potential Difference in Air. Electric Probe 682.18. Electric Field of the Earth 702.19. Simple Electric Field Configurations 712.20. Charge Distribution in a Conductor. Faraday’s Cage 732.21. Surface Charge Density 772.22. Capacitors 782.23. Types of Capacitors 822.24. Parallel and Series Connection of Capacitors 852.25. Dielectric Permittivity 862.26. Why Is Electric Field Weakened in a Dielectric? Polarization of Dielectrics 902.27. Energy of Charged Bodies. Energy of Electric Field 92Chapter 3 Direct Current 953.1. Electric Current and Electromotive Force 953.2. Manifestations of Electric Current 1003.3. Direction of Current 1033.4. Strength of Current 1043.5. “Velocity of Electric Current” and Velocity of Charge Carriers 1053.6. Galvanometer 1063.7. Voltage Distribution in a Current-Carrying Conductor 1073.8. Ohm’s Law 1093.9 Resistance of Wires 1113.10. Temperature Dependence of Resistance 1143.11. Superconductivity 1163.12. Series and Parallel Connection of Wires 1183.13. Rheostats 1213.14. Voltage Distribution in a Circuit. “Losses” in Wires 1223.15. Voltmeter 1243.16. What Must Be the Resistances of a Voltmeter and an Ammeter? 1253.17. Shunting of Measuring Instruments 126Chapter 4 Thermal Effect of Current 1284.1. Heating by Current. Joule's Law 1284.2. Work Done by Electric Current 1294.3. Power of a Current 1304.4. Resistance Welding 1324.5. Electric Heating Appliances. Electric Furnaces 1324.6. Design of Heating Appliances 1344.7. Incandescent Lamps 1354.8. Short-Circuiting. Fuses 1374.9. Electric Wiring 139Chapter 5 Electric Current in Electrolytes 1415.1. Faraday’s First Law of Electrolysis 1415.2. Faraday’s Second Law of Electrolysis 1435.3. Ionic Conduction in Electrolytes 1455.4. Motion o f Ions in Electrolytes 1475.5. Elementary Electric Charge 1485.6. Primary and Secondary Processes in Electrolysis 1495.7. Electrolytic Dissociation 1515.8. Graduating Ammeters with the Help of Electrolysis 1525.9. Technical Applications of Electrolysis 153Chapter 6 Chemical and Thermal Generators 1576.1. Introduction. Volta’s Discovery 1576.2. Volta’s Rule. Galvanic Cell 1586.3. Emergence of EMF and Current in a Galvanic Cell 1616.4. Polarization of Electrodes 1666.5. Depolarization in Galvanic Cells 1686.6. Accumulators 1696.7. Ohm’s Law for Closed Circuits 1726.8. Voltage Across the Terminals of a Current Source and EMF 1746.9. Connection of Current Sources 1776.10. Thermocouples 1816.11. Thermocouples as Generators 1836.12. Measurement of Temperature with the Help of Thermocouples 184Chapter 7 Electric Current in Metals 1887.1. Electron Conduction in Metals 1887.2. Structure of Metals 1917.3. Reasons Behind Electric Resistance 1927.4. Work Function 1937.5. Emission of Electrons by Incandescent Bodies 194Chapter 8 Electric Current in Gases 1978.1. Intrinsic and Induced Conduction in Gases 1978.2. Induced Conduction in a Gas 1978.3. Spark Discharge 2018.4. Lightning 2048.5. Corona Discharge 2058.6. Applications of Corona Discharge 2068.7. Lightning Conductor 2088.8. Electric Arc 2098.9. Applications of Arc Discharge 2128.10. Glow Discharge 2138.11. What Occurs During a Glow Discharge? 2148.12. Cathode Rays 2158.13. Nature of Cathode Rays 2178.14. Canal (Positive) Rays 2228.15. Electron Conduction in a High Vacuum 2238.16. Electron Tubes 2248.17. Cathode-Ray Tube 228Chapter 9 Electric Current in Semiconductors 2319.1. Nature of Electric Current in Semiconductors 2319.2. Motion of Electrons in Semiconductors9.3. Semiconductor Rectifiers 2389.4. Semiconductor Photocells 243Chapter 10 Basic Magnetic Phenomena 24410.1. Natural and Artificial Magnets 24410.2. Poles of a Magnet and Its Neutral Zone 24610.3. Magnetic Effect of Electric Current 24910.4. Magnetic Effects of Currents and Permanent Magnets 25110.5. Origin of the Magnetic Field of Permanent Magnets. Coulomb’s Experiment 25710.6. Ampere’s Hypothesis on Elementary Currents 260Chapter 11 Magnetic Field 26211.1. Magnetic Field and Its Manifestations. Magnetic Induction 26211.2. Magnetic Moment. Unit of Magnetic Induction 26411.3. Measurement of Magnetic Induction with the Help of Magnetic Needle 26511.4. Composition of Magnetic Fields 26611.5. Magnetic Field Lines 26711.6. Instruments for Measuring Magnetic Induction 269Chapter 12 Magnetic Field of Current 27112.1.Magnetic Field of a Straight Conductor and of a Circular Current Loop. Right-Hand Screw Rule 27112.2. Magnetic Field of a Solenoid. Equivalence of a Solenoid and a Bar Magnet 27412.3. Magnetic Field in a Solenoid. Magnetic Field Strength 27712.4. Magnetic Field of Moving Charges 279Chapter 13 Magnetic Field of the Earth 28113.1. Magnetic Field of the Earth 28113.2. Dements of the Earth's Magnetism 28313.3. Magnetic Anomalies and Magnetometric Prospecting of Mineral Resources 28613.4. Time Variation of Elements of the Earth’s Magnetic Field. Magnetic Storms 287Chapter 14 Forces Acting on Current-Carrying Conductors in a Magnetic Field 28814.1. Introduction 28814.2. Effect of a Magnetic Field on a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor. Left-Hand Rule 28814.3. Effect of a Magnetic Field on a Current Loop or on a Solenoid 29314.4. Galvanometer Based on Interaction of Magnetic Field and Current 29814.5. Lorentz Force 30014.6. Lorentz Force and Aurora Borealis 304Chapter 15 Electromagnetic Induction 30715.1. Conditions for Emergence of Induced Current 30715.2. Direction of Induced Current. Lenz’s Law 31315.3. Basic Law of Electromagnetic Induction 31715.4. Induced EMF 31915.5. Electromagnetic Induction and Lorentz Force 32215.6. Induced Currents in Bulky Conductors. Foucault Currents 323Chapter 16 Magnetic Properties of Bodies 32716.1. Magnetic Permeability of Iron 32716.2. Permeability of Different Materials. Paramagnetics and Diamagnetics 33116.3. Motion of Paramagnetics and Diamagnetics in a Magnetic Field. Faraday’s Experiments 33316.4. Molecular Theory of Magnetism 33516.5. Magnetic Protection 33616.6. Properties of Ferromagnetics 33816.7. Fundamentals of the Theory of Ferromagnetism 343Chapter 17 Alternating Current 34617.1. Constant and Alternating Electromotive Force 34617.2. Experimental Investigation of the Form of an Alternating Current. Oscillograph 35017.3. Amplitude17.4. Strength of Alternating Current 35617.5. A.C. Ammeters and Voltmeters 35717.6. Self-Induction 35817.7. Inductance of a Coil 36117.8. Alternating Current Through a Capacitor and a Large- Inductance Coil 36217.9. Ohm’s Law for Alternating Current. Capacitive and Inductive Reactances 36517.10. Summation of Currents for Parallel Connection of Elements in an A. C. Circuit 36717.11. Summation of Voltages in Series Connection of Elements of an A.C. Circuit 3717.12. Phase Shift Between Current and Voltage 37217.13. Power of Alternating Current 37717.14. Transformers 37817.15. Centralized Production and Distribution of Electric Power 38417.16. Rectification of Alternating Current 386Chapter 18 Electric Machines: Generators18.1. A.C. Generators 39118.3. Separately Excited and Self-Excited Generators 40318.4. Three-Phase Current 40718.5. Three-Phase Electric Motor 41218.6. D.C. Motors 42018.7. Basic Operating Characteristics and Features of D.C. Motors with Shunt and Series Excitation 42318.8. Efficiency of Generators and Motors 42918.9. Reversibility of D. C. Generators 42918.10. Electromagnets 43118.11. Application of Electromagnets 43318.12. Relays and Their Application in Engineering and Automatic Control 43518.2. D.C. Generators 395Answers and Solutions 437Appendices 4471. Fundamental Physical Constants 4472. Factors and Prefixes Used with the SI Units 447Index 448Back Jacket 457Back Cover 458Electricity And Magnetism