TM 5-665 Operation Of Sewerage And Sewage Treatment Facilities At Fixed Army Installations, 1945-11-27 CONTENTS Paragraph Page CHAPTER I. ARMY SEWAGE TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL Section I. Introduction. Purpose and Scope 1 1 II. Characteristics of Army Sanitary Sewage. Composition 2 1 Quantity 3 2 III. Treatment and Disposal Requirements. Objectives 4 2 Measuring Requirements and Results of Treatment 5 2 IV, Collection, Treatment, and Disposal Elements. Sewerage System 6 2 Collection Systems 7 2 Devices for Measuring Flow 8 3 Primary Treatment Processes and Facilities 9 3 Secondary Treatment Processes and Facilities 10 5 Chlorination 11 6 Final Aeration 12 6 Disposal 13 6 V. Organization of Operation and Maintenance. Direction of Work 14 6 Personnel and Training 15 7 Materials, Stocks, and Requirements 16 8 Cost Accounting 17 8 Preventive Maintenance 18 9 Operating Reports 19 9 Daily Logs 20 9 Monthly Operating Logs 21 9 Records and Maps 22 9 Operating Precautions 23 12 CHAPTER 2. SEWAGE COLLECTION SYSTEMS. Sanitary Sewers 24 14 Storm Sewers 25 14 Operation and Maintenance 26 14 Inspection 27 14 Grease and Oil Traps 28 14 Infiltration and Storm Water 29 15 Methods of Sewer Cleaning 30 15 Repairs 31 25 Extensions 32 26 Records 33 26 CHAPTER 3. SEWAGE PUMPS. LIFT STATIONS. AND FORCE MAINS. Types and Characteristics 34 29 Centrifugal Pumps 35 29 Axial-flow Pumps 36 29 Turbine Pumps 37 32 Sewage Ejectors 38 32 Controls 39 33 Operation of Pump Stations 40 33 Force Mains 41 34 Records 42 34 CHAPTER 4. OPERATION OF TREATMENT PLANTS. Section I. Cesspools, Septic Tanks, and Subsurface Disposal. General 43 35 Cesspools 44 35 Septic Tanks 45 35 Tile Fields 46 36 Subsurface Filters 47 38 Dosing Tanks 48 40 Treatment of Kitchen Wastes 49 41 II. Grit Chambers. Purpose 50 41 Operation 51 42 Records 52 42 III. Screens and Grinders. Types and Uses 53 44 Operation 54 44 Disposal of Screenings 55 48 Records 56 48 IV. Preaeration and Vacuum Flotation. Preaeration 57 48 Vacuum Flotation 58 51 V. Metering of Sewage Flow. Necessity for Metering 59 52 Types of Devices 60 52 Operation and Use 61 54 Units of Measurement 62 57 Records 63 57 VI. Imhoff Tanks and Clarigesters. Design and Purpose of Imhoff Tanks 64 57 Operation of Settling Compartment 65 57 Operation of Digestion Compartment 66 58 Methods of Control of Imhoff Tanks 67 62 Reports and Records for Imhoff Tanks 68 62 Design and Purpose of Clarigesters 69 62 Operation of Clarigester 70 65 Operation of Digester Compartment 71 65 Control Tests and Records for Clarigesters 72 66 VII. Separate Settling Tanks and Sludge Pumps Separate Settling Tanks 73 66 Operation 74 67 Methods of Control 75 72 Records and Reports 76 72 Sludge Pumps 77 72 VIII. Digesters and Gas Equipment. Sludge Digestion 78 73 Types of Digesters 79 75 Starting Operation 80 76 Sludge Addition 81 77 Withdrawal and Disposal of Supernatant 82 79 Digested-sludge Withdrawal 83 79 Temperature Control 84 81 Sludge Circulation 85 82 Mechanical Stirrers 86 82 Scum Control and Foaming 87 82 Two-stage Operation 88 82 Operation Control 89 83 Records for Digesters 90 83 Uses for Digester Gas 91 83 Gas Dome Seal 92 84 Pressure-vacuum Relief and Flame Arresters 93 84 Drip Traps 94 85 Flame Traps and Waste-gas Regulators 95 86 Waste-gas Burners 96 87 Pressure Gauges 97 91 Gas Boilers 98 91 Records for Gas Equipment 99 91 IX. Sludge Drying and Disposal. Sludge Beds 100 91 Construction 101 94 Nature of Digested Sludge 102 94 Operation 103 94 Records for Sludge Drying 104 96 Sludge Disposal 105 96 X. Trickling Filters. General 106 96 Standard (Low-capacity) Filters 107 101 High-capacity Filters 108 103 Operation of Filters and Appurtenances 109 108 Records and Reports 110 112 XI. Activated Sludge. Process 111 112 Types of Aerators 112 113 Aeration Tanks and Equipment 113 118 Plant Operation 114 118 Return Activated Sludge 115 120 Final-settling Tank 116 121 Operating Difficulties 117 212 Records and Reports 118 123 XII. Contact Aeration. Type of Construction 119 123 Functioning 120 123 Operation 121 125 Control Tests 122 131 Records of Operation 123 131 XIII. Intermittent Sand Filters. Purpose 124 132 Type of Construction 125 132 Operation 126 133 Cleaning 127 134 Dunbar Filters 128 134 Records 129 135 XIV. Lagoons General 130 136 Type of Construction 131 136 Treatment 132 136 Operation 133 136 Control Tests 134 136 Reports 135 137 XV. Chlorination. Use of Chlorine and Available Forms 136 137 Chlorine Equipment 137 137 Chlorine Demand 138 138 Calculation of Chlorine Feed 139 138 Postchlorination 140 138 Prechlorination 141 140 Filter Control 142 141 Activated-sludge Control 143 141 Sewer System Chlorination 144 141 Maintenance of Equipment 145 141 Precautions Against Hazards 146 142 Records 147 143 XVI. Polution Survey of Stream. Necessity 148 143 Survey 149 143 Stream Assets and Liabilities 150 143 Sludge Deposits 151 144 Corrections 152 145 Records 153 145 XVII. Sampling and Laboratory Tests Purpose 154 145 Representative Samples 155 146 Grab Samples 156 146 Composite Samples 157 146 Schedule of Analyses 158 147 Laboratory Procedures 159 150 Expression of Test Results 160 151 Settleable Solids 161 151 XVII. Sampling and Laboratory Tests — Cont'd. Relative Stability 162 151 Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) 163 151 Chlorine Residual 164 152 Dissolved Oxygen, Sodium Azide Modification 165 152 Inhibitory Reagent for Dissolved Oxygen Samples 166 152 Immediate Oxygen Demand and Rate of Oxygen Utilization 167 153 Grease 168 153 Appendix I. GLOSSARY 155 II. ABBREVIATIONS 164 III. TABLES 165 IV. REFERENCES 169, "27 November 1945"--Title page verso, Includes bibliographical references (page 169)