The present monograph is devoted to the principal problems of quantum mechanics and is based on the conception first stated in my course on ‘Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics’. The scope and purpose of the above course did not allow some principal questions to be brought out as fully as they deserved, and besides, some important points were only very recently developed to a sufficient extent. This refers especially to the analysis of the action of the measuring instrument, whose dual role as an analyser of a quantum ensemble and as a detector of individual events was insufficiently elucidated.The reader will find that the present monograph is concerned more with theoretical physics than with philosophy. However, I have never separated Weltanschauung from science (and particularly theoretical physics) so that the philosophical implications are also discussed, justiying publication in the philosophical series.